Sunscreens & water resistance: Everything you need to know
| 4 minutes
Remember when buying sunscreen was simple?
You’d just pick an SPF level, check if it suited your skin type, and that was it.
Now, it feels like navigating a maze. The crowded shelves with technical jargon like SPF, PA, and broad spectrum make the choice trickier than ever.
But among this, there’s one label most people still overlook—water-resistant.
So let’s understand what it means because that small label might be the reason your sunscreen isn’t doing its whole job.
Are sunscreens waterproof?
There's no such thing as waterproof sunscreen. All sunscreens start to wear off once they come in contact with water, sweat, or friction.
And we’re not the ones saying this.
It’s what regulators like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia, and the Cosmetic Products Regulation (CPR) in Europe firmly state.
The term is actually banned from being written on sunscreens.
Instead, ‘water-resistant’ is the word you should look for.
What does ‘Water Resistant’ in Sunscreens mean?
According to the FDA and CPR, ‘water resistant’ refers to how long a sunscreen stays intact on wet skin. Based on this duration, products are labelled ‘water resistant’ or ‘very water resistant’.
It determines how long it takes before a sunscreen loses its effectiveness if your skin is in contact with water.
And to understand that, it’s important to define the difference between a water-resistant sunscreen and a very water-resistant sunscreen.
Water Resistant vs Very Water Resistant Sunscreens
FDA, CPR, and equivalent regulators worldwide mandate specifying the exact time for which a sunscreen maintains effectiveness when exposed to water.
Given that, here’s what the terms imply:
- Water resistant: Remains effective for 40 minutes
- Very water resistant: Remains effective for 80 minutes
|
Type |
Duration in Water |
Use Cases |
|
Water Resistant |
40 minutes |
Short sun exposure, light sweating, and everyday physical activities |
|
Very Water Resistant |
80 minutes |
Prolonged water exposure, extreme water sports or physical activity like workout, swimming, indoor and outdoor sports |
Now, here’s the important part: testing the claim is mandatory before putting it on labels.
How are Sunscreens Tested For Water Resistance?
Now that the concept of ‘water resistant’ is clear, let’s understand how sunscreens are tested for it.
Imagine a surface coated with sunscreen and immersed in water for a timed cycle (40 and 80 minutes).
Once the time ends, the effectiveness of the remaining SPF (sun protection factor) is measured. If it still provides at least 50% of its original SPF protection, it qualifies for the water-resistant label.
The method is called ‘in-vitro testing’.
But there’s a twist: Tests are done in controlled lab conditions. Therefore, real-life results could differ. For example, if you’re swimming, sweating, or constantly wiping your face, SPF might not always go the distance.
What makes sunscreens “water-resistant”?
Science and formulation.
Water-resistant sunscreens are formulated with special ingredients that help them adhere to skin and resist being washed away. The usage of such ingredients has drastically evolved in the last decade, and as modern sunscreen technology has improved, film-forming agents like polymers and silicone derivatives have taken precedence.
They work by forming a hydrophobic layer over the skin, making water (or sweat) roll off easily.
Here’s an easy explanation:
Just like a wax layer on cars can make water bead off, film formers give your sunscreen a waxed layer that holds it in place.
Why do water-resistant sunscreens hold importance in India?
Simply put, the climate and our lifestyle.
India has a distinct weather condition with average temperatures soaring above 30°C and humidity levels often above 70% in many regions. Regular sunscreens can’t hold up against such extreme weather.
In addition, lifestyle choices like physical sports, workouts, and other activities also make significant contributions. Hence, water-resistant sunscreens are a mandatory skincare step for Indian skin.
What is the correct way of using sunscreen?
In a country where sweat and sun are part of daily life, water-resistant sunscreen isn’t a luxury—it’s a necessity.
That said, sunscreens are not an ‘apply once and forget’ product. Water, sweat, and physical activity gradually wear away sunscreens. In fact, wiping off your face with a towel can remove around 85% of the sunscreen you had on.
That’s why dermatologists and healthcare advisors often recommend applying sunscreen every 2 hours with no less than 1/4th teaspoon.
So the next time you find yourself in a crowded sunscreen aisle, look for that ‘water-resistant’ label, and use it the way it’s meant to be.
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Could the sugar in your daily diet be triggering your acne breakouts?
Acne is one of the most common skin concerns worldwide, affecting millions of people regardless of age or gender. While skincare products play a crucial role in managing acne, emerging research suggests that diet, particularly sugar intake, may significantly impact skin health. But does sugar cause acne? Let us explore the science behind sugar, insulin spikes and their influence on acne and breakouts. What causes acne? Acne is a multifactorial skin condition caused by excess oil (sebum) production, clogged pores, bacterial overgrowth, inflammation and hormonal imbalances. When the skin produces too much oil, it combines with dead skin cells, blocking pores and creating an ideal environment for Cutibacterium acnes to survive. This bacterial growth triggers inflammation, leading to breakouts. Hormones, particularly androgens, further stimulate oil production, making the skin more prone to acne. Additionally, research suggests that certain foods, such as high-sugar diets and dairy, can disrupt hormone levels and alter sebum composition, potentially worsening acne. How does excess sugar impact your skin—wrinkles, inflammation, and breakouts? The skin is the body's largest organ, and what you eat directly impacts its health. Eating too much sugar can cause changes in the skin, such as increased inflammation, oxidative stress and damage to important proteins like collagen and elastin. This damage reduces skin elasticity, leading to wrinkles. High sugar intake can also increase certain enzymes (MMP-1/MMP-2 and LOX) that break down collagen, weakening the skin’s structure. Additionally, diets high in refined carbs and sugar may worsen skin conditions like acne and psoriasis and disrupt hormone balance. How does sugar contribute to acne? Sugar affects the body’s insulin levels and overall inflammation, which are closely linked to acne formation. High sugar consumption, particularly from refined carbohydrates and processed foods, triggers a chain reaction that can lead to breakouts. Here’s how: Blood Sugar Spikes and Increased Insulin Production When you consume sugary foods, your blood sugar levels rise rapidly, leading to a sudden surge of glucose in the bloodstream, which the body must quickly manage. The pancreas responds by releasing insulin to regulate glucose levels, ensuring that excess sugar is absorbed by cells for energy or stored for later use. High insulin levels stimulate the production of androgen hormones, which increase sebum (oil) production and clog pores, creating an environment that fosters acne breakouts and skin inflammation. Inflammation and acne flares Sugar promotes systemic inflammation, which exacerbates acne, by triggering the release of pro-inflammatory molecules called cytokines, leading to redness, swelling, and increased severity of breakouts. Chronic inflammation weakens the skin barrier, leading to irritation, breakouts, moisture loss, and increased sensitivity to bacteria and pollutants. Impact on the gut microbiome The gut and skin are closely linked—a healthy gut microbiome controls inflammation, immunity, and nutrient absorption, all essential for clear skin. Too much sugar can disrupt gut balance, potentially triggering breakouts. An imbalance in gut bacteria due to high sugar consumption can trigger acne because sugar disrupts the equilibrium between good and bad bacteria, increasing inflammation and toxin build-up that manifests as skin issues. Refined sugar fuels harmful bacteria, leading to inflammation and breakouts. Excess bad bacteria can weaken the gut lining, allowing toxins to enter the bloodstream and harm the skin. Glycation and premature aging High sugar intake accelerates a process called glycation, where sugar molecules attach to collagen and elastin, leading to stiff and damaged skin fibers, making the skin lose its elasticity and firmness, resulting in wrinkles, sagging, and a dull complexion. This accelerates ageing and slows acne scar healing, as weakened collagen and elastin hinder skin repair, making scars more visible and delaying regeneration. Scientific studies linking sugar to acne Several studies have examined the relationship between diet and acne, and many suggest that high-glycemic diets (diets rich in sugar and refined carbohydrates) are associated with increased acne severity. A 2020 study published in JAMA Dermatology found that individuals consuming high amounts of sugary foods and drinks had a 54% higher likelihood of experiencing moderate to severe acne. Another study in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that participants who switched to a low-glycemic diet experienced significant reductions in acne lesions within 10 weeks. Research published by Springer Nature, highlights how insulin spikes trigger increased oil production and inflammation, both key contributors to acne. List of High-Glycemic vs. Low-Glycemic Foods: What to Eat for Clear Skin Diet plays a crucial role in skin health, especially when it comes to managing acne. High-glycemic foods cause rapid spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels, leading to increased oil production and inflammation that can trigger breakouts. On the other hand, low-glycemic foods help maintain steady blood sugar levels, supporting clear, healthy skin. Making mindful food choices can significantly impact skin clarity and overall well-being. High-Glycemic Foods (Avoid or Limit): White bread, pasta and rice- cause rapid blood sugar spikes and contribute to insulin resistance. Sugary drinks (soda, fruit juices, energy drinks)- Lead to quick energy crashes and increased cravings. Processed snacks (cookies, chips, cakes)- High in refined sugars and unhealthy fats, promoting weight gain. Candy and chocolate- Contain excessive sugar, which can lead to tooth decay and metabolic issues. Breakfast cereals with added sugars- Provide little nutrition and can contribute to obesity and diabetes. Low-Glycemic Foods (Best for Skin Health): Whole grains (quinoa, brown rice, whole wheat bread)- Provide steady energy, essential fibre, and nutrients that support healthy, glowing skin. Fresh vegetables (spinach, broccoli, bell peppers)- Rich in vitamins, antioxidants and hydration, which help protect the skin from oxidative stress and premature aging. Fruits with low sugar content (berries, apples, pears)- offer essential vitamins, antioxidants and hydration without causing blood sugar spikes that can trigger breakouts. Nuts and seeds (almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds)- Packed with healthy fats, omega-3s, and vitamin E, which nourish the skin and reduce inflammation. Lean proteins (fish, chicken, lentils, tofu)- Provide amino acids essential for collagen production, skin repair, and overall skin strength. How to cut sugar for clearer, healthier skin? If you are struggling with persistent acne, reducing sugar intake could be a game-changer for your skin. Here are some practical ways to transition to a low-sugar lifestyle: Read food labels: Hidden sugars are present in sauces, dressings and packaged foods. Look for names like sucrose, fructose and high-fructose corn syrup. Choose natural sweeteners: Swap refined sugar for healthier alternatives like raw honey, stevia or monk fruit. Increase fiber intake: Fiber slows down sugar absorption, preventing blood sugar spikes. Whole grains, legumes and leafy greens are excellent sources. Hydrate with water: Replace sugary drinks with water or herbal teas to keep your skin hydrated and flush out toxins. Balance meals with protein and healthy fat: This helps maintain steady insulin levels and supports overall skin health. Practice mindful eating: Reducing cravings for sugary foods can be easier by eating protein-rich breakfasts and consuming nutrient-dense meals throughout the day. The bottom line So, does sugar cause acne? While it may not be the sole cause, evidence strongly suggests that high sugar intake contributes to breakouts by triggering inflammation and excess sebum production. If you are looking for clearer skin, focusing on a balanced diet with low-glycemic foods can make a noticeable difference. For optimal results, pair a healthy diet with a skincare routine tailored to acne-prone skin. By nourishing your body from the inside out and using targeted skincare, you can achieve long-lasting radiant and a natural glow.
Mineral vs Chemical Sunscreen - The Right One For Your Skin
Applying sunscreen regularly is one of the simplest—and the most effective—ways to maintain your skin’s health and appearance. No matter what age you are—you can always benefit from sunscreen. It prevents sunburn, reduces the risk of skin cancer, prevents premature ageing, reduces hyperpigmentation, etc. You can say even sunscreen is the main character of your skincare routine. But, have you ever wondered what type of sunscreen is right for your skin? There are two types of sunscreens available—chemical and mineral sunscreen. When discussing these two types of sunscreens, questions such as "Which one is more effective?" or "Which one stays longer on skin and offers better UV protection?" are bound to come up. Well, this blog answers all the questions. Let’s get the low down on everything you need to know about mineral vs chemical sunscreen. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Re'equil (@reequil) What is mineral sunscreen? Mineral sunscreen, commonly referred to as inorganic or physical sunscreen, works by reflecting or scattering UV rays—they contain active ingredients that are metal oxides—such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. When you apply mineral sunscreen on your body or face, they basically work as sheets of metal and oxygen—or you can say they are opaque in nature (not see-through). Thus, it makes sense that mineral sunscreen doesn’t absorb into your skin—it rather sits on top of your skin. Moreover, mineral sunscreens are better for individuals with sensitive skin, acne, or skin conditions like eczema. Such sunscreens are usually non-irritating and do not cause any adverse effects. The 2019 FDA report says that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are GRASE (generally recognized as safe and effective) for use in sunscreens. A 2019 study says that due to the reflective properties, mineral sunscreens are also called sunblocks, a term less used nowadays for sunscreen. However, there is one challenge that many face with any mineral sunscreen—that it may leave behind an excessive shine or a white cast—which usually limits the cosmetic acceptance of mineral sunscreens. What is chemical sunscreen? Chemical sunscreen forms a protective shield on your skin to absorb UV rays. When applied, its ingredients penetrate the epidermal layer. Upon contact with UV rays, chemical sunscreen converts the rays into harmless heat via a chemical reaction, preventing them from reaching the epidermal layer. The heat is then released from your skin. This conversion is crucial because you don't want UV rays to reach the epidermal layer of your skin, where your melanin is. If melanin absorbs UV rays, it can cause serious damage like hyperpigmentation and accelerate the skin ageing process. Chemical sunscreens generally have the following ingredients - Oxybenzone Octinoxate Octisalate Avobenzone Chemical sunscreens are also cosmetically accepted as they blend easily with makeup and don’t usually leave a white cast. They absorb instantly and don’t make your face look greasy or shiny. However, some people are hesitant to use chemical sunscreen because the ingredients in it can cause an adverse reaction—especially if the sunscreen comes in contact with the eyes. Moreover, the FDA report does not classify the chemical sunscreen ingredients as GRASE (generally recognized as safe and effective). What are the key differences between a chemical and mineral sunscreen? Here’s a breakdown of the differences between a chemical and mineral sunscreen—knowing them can help you figure out which one is better for your skin type and concerns. Chemical sunscreens Mineral sunscreens Absorbs UV rays Reflects UV rays Contains carbon-based ingredients like oxybenzone, avobenzone, etc. Contains inorganic compounds like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide Thinner texture, spreads evenly and gets absorbed instantly Has a thicker texture, difficult to spread evenly on the face Takes about 20 minutes after application to provide protection from UV rays Provides immediate protection More transparent finish, leaves no white cast Opaque in nature, can leave an extra shine and white cast Can cause an allergic reaction to some individuals and clog the pores Considered safe for all skin types and recommended by dermatologist to individuals with sensitive, acne-prone skin Chemical vs mineral sunscreen: which one protects the skin from UV rays for longer? Both mineral and chemical sunscreens offer the same duration of sun protection. While it may seem that chemical sunscreens, because they penetrate the skin, offer longer-lasting UV protection than mineral sunscreens. But that is not the case—how long sunscreen stays on your skin depends on your activity throughout the day, such as if you are swimming or sweating—along with how much sunscreen you apply. Which one is more suitable for individuals with acne? Mineral sunscreen ingredients are typically more suitable for acne-prone and sensitive skin. Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are among the safest sunscreen ingredients. They are gentle on the skin and do not cause adverse reactions. Additionally, mineral sunscreen ingredients are non-comedogenic, meaning they won't clog your pores. Zinc oxide, in particular, can help improve acne by fighting germs, and healing wounds, and acne lesions. It also contributes to sebum regulation, making mineral sunscreens an ideal choice for individuals with oily skin. Which one is better, chemical or mineral sunscreen? Many of the points discussed in this blog suggest that mineral sunscreen is superior to chemical sunscreen. However, it is all about your preference and skin type. If appearance is not your biggest concern and you are okay with a little white cast or extra shine on your face—you can go with the mineral sunscreen. It provides broad-spectrum protection and contains inorganic ingredients. On the other hand, if you are an individual who usually wears makeup, chemical sunscreen is a better option for you since it blends easily and does not leave behind any greasiness or white cast. In terms of sun protection, there really isn’t much difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen—both effectively protect your skin from UV rays. And if you can’t seem to choose between a mineral or chemical sunscreen—you can go ahead with a hybrid sunscreen—it contains both inorganic and organic ingredients.
Should Niacinamide be in your skincare routine if you have oily skin?
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