A Comprehensive Guide on Hormonal Acne
| 5 minutes
What's in the name?
Misunderstanding – if hormonal acne was the context.
Here’s the thing: they are often associated with adolescence but do not necessarily end with your 18th birthday.
As per studies, approximately 50% of women in their 20s and 33% in their 30s suffer from acne in India.
Moreover, over 25% of women and 12% of men in their 40s still report having acne.
Therefore, it's important to bust the misconception and learn evidence-backed ways to manage and treat it.
Understanding Hormonal Acne
Hormones can trigger or worsen breakouts. And it happens like a dynamo effect (one small action or trigger setting off a chain of events).
Hormonal fluctuation causes a surge of androgens (like testosterone in men, estrogen and progesterone in women).
They signal oil glands to produce more oil which mixes with dead skin cells and bacteria leading to clogged pores and inflammation.
The result?
A breakout.
Unlike usual pimples, hormonal acne is deeper and more inflamed. Hence, it’s important to know how they differ from normal acne.
Hormonal Acne vs. ‘Normal’ Acne
There’s only a thin line between the two since all acne is influenced by hormones. At least to some extent.
However, here’s how you can differentiate between the two:
- Predictable cycle: Hormonal acne may show up before periods, during stress, after pregnancy, or in menopause. In men, factors like stress and artificial androgens (steroids) can trigger breakouts.
- Hormone sensitive zones: May occur near the jawline, chin, lower cheeks, sometimes the neck or back.
- More painful: Compared to otherwise occurring pimples, hormonal acne forms deep, painful bumps or cysts.
- Acne during puberty: Teen acne, by contrast, usually dominates the T-zone (forehead, nose, upper cheeks) and includes more surface whiteheads and blackheads.
Understanding these differences is just the first step. The next question is why hormonal acne appears or reappears well past high school.
Why Hormonal Acne Can Strike at Any Age
Hormones fluctuate during various phases of life. They mostly stem through lifestyle choices, genetics, biological development, and stress, explaining why acne can persist or emerge even during 40s.
- Adolescence: Puberty-driven androgen surges explain why up to 95% of teens (worldwide) experience acne of some form. Teenage acne tends to be widespread but often improves by early adulthood as hormones stabilize.
- 20s & 30s: Women often face adult-onset acne tied to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or birth control. Men may deal with persistent acne or new flare-ups linked to stress, supplements, or steroid use.
- 40s & beyond: Women in perimenopause or menopause may see breakouts for the first time in years, as declining estrogen leaves androgens unopposed. Hormonal acne at this stage often involves the lower face and can be stubborn.
This lifespan pattern is why dermatologists stress: acne is not “just for teenagers,” and can stem due to several reasons.
Causes and Triggers of Hormonal Acne
Many factors come to sync for acne to erupt. Hormones is just a key that upstream triggers and kick starts the process. Hence, understanding the major causes holds importance.
- Menstrual cycle: As estrogen and progesterone drop at the end of the cycle, androgens may exert more effect.
- Pregnancy: Pregnancy involves surges in various hormones.
- Postpartum and discontinuing birth control: The skin sometimes “rebounds” with acne after hormonal birth control is withdrawn.
- Menopause: Relative increase in androgens when estrogen and progesterone level falls trigger serious acne.
- Androgens (men): Signals skin’s oil glands to ramp up oil production.
- Stress (men & women): Cortisol (stress hormone) stimulates oil glands during chronic stress. Research says, stress and acne flare-up is a vicious cycle, as acne itself can cause stress and vice-versa.
- Genetic (men & women): If one of your parents had adult acne, you could too. Family history is often noted by dermatologists as a risk factor.
- Cosmetics & hair products (men & women): Using heavy, pore-clogging cosmetics or creams can trigger breakouts, a phenomenon called acne cosmetica.
- Diet (men & women): In recent years diet has emerged as a controversial yet important factor in acne. However, a study presented to the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology in October 2022 testifies that dairy and sugar are among the greatest factors for acne. As per the survey 48.2% people with acne regularly consumed dairy products.
- Medications and other factors (men & women): Certain medications and health conditions can induce acne as a side effect. Examples: steroids and PCOS.
Simply put, hormonal acne often boils down to anything that tips the hormonal balance or makes skin hyper-responsive or sensitive to certain triggers. Understanding personal triggers is the key to preventing and treating acne the right way.
3 Effective Tips To Treat Hormonal Acne
Dealing with hormonal acne requires a multi-pronged approach. Though 100% prevention from hormonal acne is a myth, there are ways you can prevent pores from clogging and calm down oil glands and inflammation.
That said, it’s always wise to regularly consult a doctor if you feel your acne getting severe. Alternatively, here are 3 effective tips on how you can treat your hormonal acne better.
- Consistent Gentle Skincare Routine
Your daily skincare routine and choices have as much to do with how you approach hormonal acne.
- Wash your face gently, twice a day (day and night). Use an oil free facewash with mild, pH-balanced formulation.
- Opt for oil-free, non-comedogenic products that don’t clog pores.
- Avoid heavy makeup or remove it thoroughly.
- Don’t pick or squeeze your pimples
- Use the right ingredients
Choosing the right ingredients that help rebalance your skin is crucial to treat hormonal acne. While you should be mindful while picking ingredients, here are some actives recommended:
- Salicylic Acid: helps unclog blackheads and whiteheads by dissolving dead skin and oil.
- Retinol: Vitamin A derivative that increases cell turnover, keeping pores from clogging and helping fade post-acne marks. Consistent nightly use can improve skin texture and prevent new breakouts.
- Niacinamide: Aka Vitamin B3, is a great anti-inflammatory ingredient that can reduce redness and sebum production.
- Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs): Glycolic acid and lactic acid are AHAs that exfoliate the skin's surface, helping to remove dead skin cells.
While using any of these actives, patience is key since they need a few weeks to show effect (usually 4 - 8 weeks). It’s also important to note many ingredients like Retinol and high doses of Salicylic acid are unsafe during pregnancy.
- Lifestyle Choices
Treating hormonal acne isn’t all about using actives and right skincare products. Lifestyle measures can make a huge difference in preventing flare-ups too. Below are some tips to support your skin:
- Diet and hydration: Consider a diet with low glycemic load like brown rice and whole grain. Refrain from refined sugar intake and limit your starchy meals.
- Stress management: Given the links between stress hormones and acne, finding ways to manage stress through regular exercise helps.
Remember, hormonal acne is a common skin condition. You are not alone in dealing with those frustrating flare-ups. By following an evidence-based approach you can significantly improve your skin.
So stay consistent with your routine, give it time to work, and above all, be kind to yourself even if your skin throws a tough day ahead.
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Could the sugar in your daily diet be triggering your acne breakouts?
Acne is one of the most common skin concerns worldwide, affecting millions of people regardless of age or gender. While skincare products play a crucial role in managing acne, emerging research suggests that diet, particularly sugar intake, may significantly impact skin health. But does sugar cause acne? Let us explore the science behind sugar, insulin spikes and their influence on acne and breakouts. What causes acne? Acne is a multifactorial skin condition caused by excess oil (sebum) production, clogged pores, bacterial overgrowth, inflammation and hormonal imbalances. When the skin produces too much oil, it combines with dead skin cells, blocking pores and creating an ideal environment for Cutibacterium acnes to survive. This bacterial growth triggers inflammation, leading to breakouts. Hormones, particularly androgens, further stimulate oil production, making the skin more prone to acne. Additionally, research suggests that certain foods, such as high-sugar diets and dairy, can disrupt hormone levels and alter sebum composition, potentially worsening acne. How does excess sugar impact your skin—wrinkles, inflammation, and breakouts? The skin is the body's largest organ, and what you eat directly impacts its health. Eating too much sugar can cause changes in the skin, such as increased inflammation, oxidative stress and damage to important proteins like collagen and elastin. This damage reduces skin elasticity, leading to wrinkles. High sugar intake can also increase certain enzymes (MMP-1/MMP-2 and LOX) that break down collagen, weakening the skin’s structure. Additionally, diets high in refined carbs and sugar may worsen skin conditions like acne and psoriasis and disrupt hormone balance. How does sugar contribute to acne? Sugar affects the body’s insulin levels and overall inflammation, which are closely linked to acne formation. High sugar consumption, particularly from refined carbohydrates and processed foods, triggers a chain reaction that can lead to breakouts. Here’s how: Blood Sugar Spikes and Increased Insulin Production When you consume sugary foods, your blood sugar levels rise rapidly, leading to a sudden surge of glucose in the bloodstream, which the body must quickly manage. The pancreas responds by releasing insulin to regulate glucose levels, ensuring that excess sugar is absorbed by cells for energy or stored for later use. High insulin levels stimulate the production of androgen hormones, which increase sebum (oil) production and clog pores, creating an environment that fosters acne breakouts and skin inflammation. Inflammation and acne flares Sugar promotes systemic inflammation, which exacerbates acne, by triggering the release of pro-inflammatory molecules called cytokines, leading to redness, swelling, and increased severity of breakouts. Chronic inflammation weakens the skin barrier, leading to irritation, breakouts, moisture loss, and increased sensitivity to bacteria and pollutants. Impact on the gut microbiome The gut and skin are closely linked—a healthy gut microbiome controls inflammation, immunity, and nutrient absorption, all essential for clear skin. Too much sugar can disrupt gut balance, potentially triggering breakouts. An imbalance in gut bacteria due to high sugar consumption can trigger acne because sugar disrupts the equilibrium between good and bad bacteria, increasing inflammation and toxin build-up that manifests as skin issues. Refined sugar fuels harmful bacteria, leading to inflammation and breakouts. Excess bad bacteria can weaken the gut lining, allowing toxins to enter the bloodstream and harm the skin. Glycation and premature aging High sugar intake accelerates a process called glycation, where sugar molecules attach to collagen and elastin, leading to stiff and damaged skin fibers, making the skin lose its elasticity and firmness, resulting in wrinkles, sagging, and a dull complexion. This accelerates ageing and slows acne scar healing, as weakened collagen and elastin hinder skin repair, making scars more visible and delaying regeneration. Scientific studies linking sugar to acne Several studies have examined the relationship between diet and acne, and many suggest that high-glycemic diets (diets rich in sugar and refined carbohydrates) are associated with increased acne severity. A 2020 study published in JAMA Dermatology found that individuals consuming high amounts of sugary foods and drinks had a 54% higher likelihood of experiencing moderate to severe acne. Another study in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that participants who switched to a low-glycemic diet experienced significant reductions in acne lesions within 10 weeks. Research published by Springer Nature, highlights how insulin spikes trigger increased oil production and inflammation, both key contributors to acne. List of High-Glycemic vs. Low-Glycemic Foods: What to Eat for Clear Skin Diet plays a crucial role in skin health, especially when it comes to managing acne. High-glycemic foods cause rapid spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels, leading to increased oil production and inflammation that can trigger breakouts. On the other hand, low-glycemic foods help maintain steady blood sugar levels, supporting clear, healthy skin. Making mindful food choices can significantly impact skin clarity and overall well-being. High-Glycemic Foods (Avoid or Limit): White bread, pasta and rice- cause rapid blood sugar spikes and contribute to insulin resistance. Sugary drinks (soda, fruit juices, energy drinks)- Lead to quick energy crashes and increased cravings. Processed snacks (cookies, chips, cakes)- High in refined sugars and unhealthy fats, promoting weight gain. Candy and chocolate- Contain excessive sugar, which can lead to tooth decay and metabolic issues. Breakfast cereals with added sugars- Provide little nutrition and can contribute to obesity and diabetes. Low-Glycemic Foods (Best for Skin Health): Whole grains (quinoa, brown rice, whole wheat bread)- Provide steady energy, essential fibre, and nutrients that support healthy, glowing skin. Fresh vegetables (spinach, broccoli, bell peppers)- Rich in vitamins, antioxidants and hydration, which help protect the skin from oxidative stress and premature aging. Fruits with low sugar content (berries, apples, pears)- offer essential vitamins, antioxidants and hydration without causing blood sugar spikes that can trigger breakouts. Nuts and seeds (almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds)- Packed with healthy fats, omega-3s, and vitamin E, which nourish the skin and reduce inflammation. Lean proteins (fish, chicken, lentils, tofu)- Provide amino acids essential for collagen production, skin repair, and overall skin strength. How to cut sugar for clearer, healthier skin? If you are struggling with persistent acne, reducing sugar intake could be a game-changer for your skin. Here are some practical ways to transition to a low-sugar lifestyle: Read food labels: Hidden sugars are present in sauces, dressings and packaged foods. Look for names like sucrose, fructose and high-fructose corn syrup. Choose natural sweeteners: Swap refined sugar for healthier alternatives like raw honey, stevia or monk fruit. Increase fiber intake: Fiber slows down sugar absorption, preventing blood sugar spikes. Whole grains, legumes and leafy greens are excellent sources. Hydrate with water: Replace sugary drinks with water or herbal teas to keep your skin hydrated and flush out toxins. Balance meals with protein and healthy fat: This helps maintain steady insulin levels and supports overall skin health. Practice mindful eating: Reducing cravings for sugary foods can be easier by eating protein-rich breakfasts and consuming nutrient-dense meals throughout the day. The bottom line So, does sugar cause acne? While it may not be the sole cause, evidence strongly suggests that high sugar intake contributes to breakouts by triggering inflammation and excess sebum production. If you are looking for clearer skin, focusing on a balanced diet with low-glycemic foods can make a noticeable difference. For optimal results, pair a healthy diet with a skincare routine tailored to acne-prone skin. By nourishing your body from the inside out and using targeted skincare, you can achieve long-lasting radiant and a natural glow.
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Applying sunscreen regularly is one of the simplest—and the most effective—ways to maintain your skin’s health and appearance. No matter what age you are—you can always benefit from sunscreen. It prevents sunburn, reduces the risk of skin cancer, prevents premature ageing, reduces hyperpigmentation, etc. You can say even sunscreen is the main character of your skincare routine. But, have you ever wondered what type of sunscreen is right for your skin? There are two types of sunscreens available—chemical and mineral sunscreen. When discussing these two types of sunscreens, questions such as "Which one is more effective?" or "Which one stays longer on skin and offers better UV protection?" are bound to come up. Well, this blog answers all the questions. Let’s get the low down on everything you need to know about mineral vs chemical sunscreen. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Re'equil (@reequil) What is mineral sunscreen? 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Chemical sunscreens generally have the following ingredients - Oxybenzone Octinoxate Octisalate Avobenzone Chemical sunscreens are also cosmetically accepted as they blend easily with makeup and don’t usually leave a white cast. They absorb instantly and don’t make your face look greasy or shiny. However, some people are hesitant to use chemical sunscreen because the ingredients in it can cause an adverse reaction—especially if the sunscreen comes in contact with the eyes. Moreover, the FDA report does not classify the chemical sunscreen ingredients as GRASE (generally recognized as safe and effective). What are the key differences between a chemical and mineral sunscreen? Here’s a breakdown of the differences between a chemical and mineral sunscreen—knowing them can help you figure out which one is better for your skin type and concerns. Chemical sunscreens Mineral sunscreens Absorbs UV rays Reflects UV rays Contains carbon-based ingredients like oxybenzone, avobenzone, etc. Contains inorganic compounds like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide Thinner texture, spreads evenly and gets absorbed instantly Has a thicker texture, difficult to spread evenly on the face Takes about 20 minutes after application to provide protection from UV rays Provides immediate protection More transparent finish, leaves no white cast Opaque in nature, can leave an extra shine and white cast Can cause an allergic reaction to some individuals and clog the pores Considered safe for all skin types and recommended by dermatologist to individuals with sensitive, acne-prone skin Chemical vs mineral sunscreen: which one protects the skin from UV rays for longer? Both mineral and chemical sunscreens offer the same duration of sun protection. 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Many of the points discussed in this blog suggest that mineral sunscreen is superior to chemical sunscreen. However, it is all about your preference and skin type. If appearance is not your biggest concern and you are okay with a little white cast or extra shine on your face—you can go with the mineral sunscreen. It provides broad-spectrum protection and contains inorganic ingredients. On the other hand, if you are an individual who usually wears makeup, chemical sunscreen is a better option for you since it blends easily and does not leave behind any greasiness or white cast. In terms of sun protection, there really isn’t much difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen—both effectively protect your skin from UV rays. And if you can’t seem to choose between a mineral or chemical sunscreen—you can go ahead with a hybrid sunscreen—it contains both inorganic and organic ingredients.
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